A Guide to Switching Employers on OPT and STEM OPT for F-1 Students

Understanding Your Options: Changing Jobs on OPT

Many Indian students who pursue higher education in the United States on an F-1 visa utilise the Optional Practical Training (OPT) programme to gain valuable work experience. A common question that arises during this period is: Can I change my job? The simple answer is yes, but it is essential to follow the rules carefully to protect your visa status.

This guide provides clear information for students and their parents on the procedures for changing employers during both the standard 12-month OPT and the 24-month STEM OPT extension.

Rules for Changing Jobs on Standard OPT

The initial 12-month OPT period offers a good amount of flexibility. If you find a new job opportunity, you can make the switch, but you must keep the following points in mind:

• Directly Related Work: Your new job must be directly related to your field of study. For example, a student with a Master's in Computer Science should take up a role in software development, data analysis, or a similar tech field.
• Reporting is Key: You must report the change of employer to your university's Designated School Official (DSO) in a timely manner. This is usually done through your university's international student portal. You will need to provide the new company's name, address, and your job title.
• Unemployment Days: During the standard OPT period, you are allowed a maximum of 90 days of unemployment. When you leave one job, the unemployment clock starts ticking until you begin your next one. It is crucial to keep track of these days.

Stricter Guidelines for STEM OPT Extension

For students on the 24-month STEM OPT extension, the rules for changing employers are more stringent. This is because the STEM OPT programme is designed to be a structured training experience.

• E-Verify Employer: Your new employer must be enrolled in the E-Verify programme, which is a U.S. government system that verifies the employment eligibility of new hires. You should confirm this with the company's HR department before accepting an offer.
• New Form I-983: For every new job, you and your new employer must complete and sign a new Form I-983, the official "Training Plan for STEM OPT Students." This document outlines your learning objectives and how the job relates to your STEM degree.
• Reporting the Change: You must submit the new, completed Form I-983 to your DSO. Only after your DSO updates your record in the SEVIS system can you officially start your new role. You must report the end of your previous employment as well.
• Unemployment Limit: Students on STEM OPT are given an additional 60 days of unemployment, bringing the total limit to 150 days over the entire 36-month OPT period (12 months standard + 24 months STEM).

Your Responsibilities as an F-1 Student

Maintaining your F-1 status is your responsibility. To ensure a smooth transition between jobs, always remember to:

• Communicate Proactively: Always keep your DSO informed about any changes in your employment. They are your primary resource for guidance.
• Keep Meticulous Records: Save copies of all offer letters, Form I-983s, and communication with your DSO. These documents are vital for your records and for any future visa or immigration applications.
• Monitor Your Deadlines: Be aware of reporting deadlines and your accumulated unemployment days. Failing to comply can have serious consequences, including the termination of your visa status.

Changing jobs while on OPT or STEM OPT is a manageable process as long as you are diligent and follow the regulations. By staying organised and in close contact with your DSO, you can continue to build your career in the U.S. without jeopardising your legal status.